The ketogenic protocol was first developed by researchers to help treat seizures in children who suffered from epilepsy. It focuses on consuming foods that are high in saturated and monounsaturated fats, adequate amounts of protein, and less than 25g of NET carbohydrates. This protocol results in a metabolic shift from utilizing dietary carbohydrates and stored glycogen to primarily using fat to produce energy. When the body undergoes this transition, triglycerides are broken down into fatty acids, which can then be converted into ketones.

The blood-brain barrier prevents fatty acids from entering the brain making the brain dependent on glucose for its energy needs. In humans, the brain represents ~2% of the body weight, but it uses ~20% of glucose-derived energy. When the body enters ketosis, ketone bodies are released into the blood by the liver as part of the continual metabolization of fatty acids. These ketones can cross the blood-brain barrier, providing an alternative source of fuel for the brain. As the body spends more time in ketosis, it becomes very efficient at burning fat and using it as fuel once it’s converted into ketones. The metabolic pathway utilized to produce ketones is more efficient than glycolysis, making ketones a better source of energy for the brain.

Studies suggest that following a ketogenic protocol can have benefits against diabetes, cancer, epilepsy and Alzheimer’s by reducing blood sugar and insulin levels and decreasing insulin resistance. It can also be a very effective weight loss tool and help lower blood pressure. It is important to moderate protein intake when following this protocol as overconsumption of protein can have a negative impact on kidney function.